|
| LaThuid: | US-WCr |
| Site Name: | Willow Creek |
| Network: | AmeriFlux |
| Sec. Network(s): | Unknown |
| Latitude: | 45.8059 |
| Longitude: | -90.0799 |
| Elevation(m): | 520 |
| IGBP: | DBF |
| Description | Upland decduous broadleaf forest. Mainly sugar maple, also basswood. Uniform stand atop a very modest hill. Clearcut approximately 80 years ago. Chosen to be representative of the upland deciduous broadleaf forests within the WLEF tall tower flux footprint. It appears to be more heavily forested and more productive than most of the upland deciduous broadleaf forests in the WLEF flux footprint (see publications for more details). It is also important that SE winds are screened from the flux data (see Cook et al, 2004 for details). Propane generator power. |
| Site Citation: | |
| Site Acknowledgment: | |
| Data Usage Note: | TBA |
| Primary Contact: | Kenneth J. Davis |
| Curator: | Tom Boden |
| Anc Curator: | Tom Boden |
| Years Of Data: | 8 (Duration: 1999 - 2006) |
| Tower Status: | Active (1999 - Present) |
| Site image(s): | Image |
| VE Cutouts: | Max Zoom :: Mid 1 Zoom :: Mid 2 Zoom :: Min Zoom |
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| Coordinator | Title | Collaborators | Topic |
| Rodrigo Vargas | A mycocentric perspective on environmental factors controlling CO2 fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems | Vargas; Baldocchi; Allen; Hasselquist | |
| May Myklebust | LAI influence on bias in night time eddy covariance data during windy conditions | Myklebust; Misson; Wohlfahrt | |
| Enrico Tomelleri | Calibration of a light use efficiency model using FLUXNET data | Tomelleri;Reichstein;Papale;Gorner | Up-scaling, global, data-oriented |
| Sonia Seneviratne | Multi-scale land-atmosphere interactions | Seneviratne; Reichstein; Ciais; Buchmann; Stockli | Biophysical feedbacks, Drought effects |
| Andrew Richardson | Exploring relationships among carbon exchange, foliar nitrogen, and canopy albedo at global scales | Richardson; Ollinger; Martin; Hollinger | |
| Barbara Koestner | Water vapour flux partitioning related to climate, global ecosystem types and vegetation structure | Koestner; Bernhofer; Knohl; Lindroth | H2O |
| Dennis Baldocchi | Measuring Terrestrial Biosphere Metabolism with a Global Flux Network | Baldocchi;Reichstein;Papale;Law | GlobalSummary |
| Timothy W. Hilton | What is the spatial and temporal coherence of flux tower signals | Hilton; Davis; Ciais; Desai | Up-scaling, regional, process-oriented |
| Christopher A. Williams | Carbon Dioxide and Water Flux Responses to Extreme Weather and Climate Anomalies | Williams; Munger; Hollinger; Stoy; Richardson; Schaefer; Stockli; Schwalm | Temporal variability; extremes |
| Christian Bernhofer | Analyzing long-term FLUXNET measurements for reliable ET values across ecosystems types and across climatic regions | Bernhofer; Koestner; Knohl; Lindroth; Grünwald; Riedel | H2O |
| Andrew Richardson | Effect of spring onset and autumn senescence date on forest-atmosphere CO2 exchange | Richardson;Piao;Ciais;Breon | Phenology; growing season |
| Mirco Migliavacca | Semi-empirical modelling of ecosystem respiration: review, improved algorithm and integration with Earth observation data | Migliavacca; Reichstein; Richardson; Lasslop | Ecosytem respiration; spatio-temporal |
| Gitta Lasslop | Extended hyperbolic light response curve including VPD effects to derive GPP estimates mainly based on daytime data | Lasslop; Reichstein; Papale | |
| Chuixiang Yi | Climate control of terrestrial carbon sequestration | Yi; Ricciuto; Monson | |
| Margriet Groenendijk | Seasonal variation of plant functional type photosynthetic parameters derived directly from global Fluxnet eddy covariance data | Groenendijk; Dolman | |
| Andrew Jarvis | A data-based cross-site evaluation of (optimal) carbon gain and water use strategies as expressed in FLUXNET eddy covariance data | Jarvis;Stauch | C-H2O |
| Miguel D. Mahecha | Time scale dependent parameter estimation: principle and example elaboration in an model-eddy covariance data fusion experiment | Mahecha; Reichstein; Carvalhais; Lasslop; Lange; Seneviratne | |
| Alessandro Cescatti | Validation of MODIS albedo product at the FLUXNET sites | Cescatti; Schaaf; Cook; Marcolla; Richardson; Law | Biophys., Albedo |
| ShiLong Piao | Effect of snow change on the C balance in various northern ecosystems | Piao;Ciais;Reichstein;Luyssaert | Snow effects; Boreal-Tundra |
| Christian Beer | Upscaling mean annual GPP from ecosystem level to the global land surface | Beer; Tomelleri; Reichstein; Carvalhais; Jung; Papale; Peylin; Ciais | |
| Philippe Ciais | What the eddy-covariance flux measurements tell us about prior errors in CO2-flux inversion schemes | Chevallier; Ciais; Maignan; Wang; Reichstein | |
| Martin Jung | Identifying environmental and biophysical controls of monthly carbon and water fluxes | Jung; Reichstein; Papale; Tomelleri | |
| Enrico Tomelleri | Climatic effects on the inter‐annual variability of net ecosystem fluxes of North America and Europe | Tomelleri; Migliavacca; Carvalhais | |
| Dario Papale | A new global spatialized estimate of NEP, GPP and TER and analysis of uncertainty and limiting factors using data driven models and eddy covariance measurements | Papale, Reichstein, Tomelleri | Up-scaling, global, data-oriented |
| Margriet Groenendijk | Assessing parameter variability in a photosynthesis model within and between plant functional types using global Fluxnet eddy covariance data | Groenendijk; Dolman; van der Molen; Arneth; Gash; Leuning; Lindroth; Richardson; Wohlfahrt | |
| Margriet Groenendijk | Global variation of ecosystem (intrinsic) water use efficiency | Groenendijk; Dolman | |
|
| Instruments | Brand/model | Levels/depths | Type | Frequency | Comment | Reference |
| Anemometer | Campbell: CSAT3 | 2, 12.2, 24.4, and 29.6 m | 3-D, sonic | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Barometer | Vaisala: PTB101B | | | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Gas Analyzer | LI-COR: LI-6251 | 0.6, 1.5, 3.0, 7.6, 13.7, 21.3, and 29.6 m | CO2, infrared | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| LI-COR: LI-6262 | 29.6 m | CO2/H2O, infrared | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Leaf wetness sensing grid | Campbell: CS237 | | | 1 min | | http://cheas.psu.edu/wcreek.html |
| Quantum sensor | LI-COR: Li-190SA | | | | | Intercalibration Team |
| LI-COR: Li-190SB | 29.6 m (also 2, 7.6, 12.2, and 18.3 m) | | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Radiometer | Kipp & Zonen: CNR 1 | 29.6 m | net | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Rain/snow gauge | Campbell: CS705 | | tipping bucket | | Texas electronics/CSI CS705 | http://cheas.psu.edu/wcreek.html |
| Soil heat flux plates | REBS: HFT3 | 7.5 cm | | 10 min | | http://cheas.psu.edu/wcreek.html |
| Temperature and relative humidity probe | Campbell: CS500 | | | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Temperature probe | R. M. Young: 43347 | 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 7.6, 12.2, 18.3, 24.4, 29.6 m | RTD | | | Hank Loescher, February 2005 |
| Thermocouple | | 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 cm | | 10 min | Type T | http://cheas.psu.edu/wcreek.html |
| | maple north and south facing | | 10 min | Type T | http://cheas.psu.edu/wcreek.html |
| Time domain reflectometer | Campbell: CS615 | 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 cm | | 10 min | | http://cheas.psu.edu/wcreek.html |
|
| Bibliography |
| B. D. Cook;K. J. Davis;W. G. Wang;A. Desai;B. W. Berger;R. M. Teclaw;J. G. Martin;P. V. Bolstad;P. S. Bakwin;C. X. Yi;W. Heilman. 2004. Carbon exchange and venting anomalies in an upland deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin, USA, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 126:3-4. 271-295 |
| K. A. Hibbard; B. E. Law; M. Reichstein; J. Sulzman. 2005. An analysis of soil respiration across northern hemisphere temperate ecosystemsBiogeochemistry. 73:1, 29-70. |
| Jonathan G. Martin; Paul V. Bolstad. 2005. Annual soil respiration in broadleaf forests of northern Wisconsin: influence of moisture and site biological, chemical, and physical characteristicsBiogeochemistry. 73:1, 149-182. |
| A. R. Desai; P. V. Bolstad; B. D. Cook; K. J. Davis; E. V. Carey. 2005. Comparing net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide between an old-growth and mature forest in the upper Midwest, USAAgricultural and Forest Meteorology. 128:1-2, 33-55. |
| C. Yi; R. Li; P. S. Bakwin; A. Desai; D. M. Ricciuto; S.P. Burns; A. A. Turnipseed; S. C. Wofsy; J. W. Munger; K. Wilson; R. K. Monson. 2004. A nonparametric method for separating photosynthesis and respiration components in CO2 flux measurementsGeophysical Research Letters. 31:17, L17107. |
| P. V. Bolstad; K. J. Davis; J. Martin; B. D. Cook; W. Wang. 2004. Component and whole-system respiration fluxes in northern deciduous forestsTree Physiology. 24:5, 493-504. |
| C. Yi; K. J. Davis; P. S. Bakwin; A. S. Denning; N. Zhang; A. Desai; J. C. Lin; C. Gerbig. 2004. Observed covariance between ecosystem carbon exchange and atmospheric boundary layer dynamics at a site in northern WisconsinJournal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. 109:D8. |
| P.S. Bakwin; K. J. Davis; C. Yi; S.C. Wofsy; J. W. Munger; L. Haszpra; Z. Barcza. 2004. Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio dataTellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 56B:4, 301-311. |
| C. Werner; K. Davis; P. Bakwin; C. X. Yi; D. Hurst; L. Lock. 2003. Regional-scale measurements of CH4 exchange from a tall tower over a mixed temperate/boreal lowland and wetland forestGlobal Change Biology. 9:9, 1251-1261. |
| I. Baker; A. S. Denning; N. Hanan; L. Prihodko; M. Uliasz; P. L. Vidale; K. Davis; P. Bakwin. 2003. Simulated and observed fluxes of sensible and latent heat and CO2 at the WLEF-TV tower using SiB2.5Global Change Biology. 9:9, 1262-1277. |
| A. S. Denning; M. Nicholls; L. Prihodko; I. Baker; P. L. Vidale; K. Davis; P. Bakwin. 2003. Simulated variations in atmospheric CO2 over a Wisconsin forest using a coupled ecosystem-atmosphere modelGlobal Change Biology. 9:9, 1241-1250. |
| K. J. Davis; P. S. Bakwin; C. X. Yi; B. W. Berger; C. L. Zhao; R. M. Teclaw; J. G. Isebrands. 2003. The annual cycles of CO2 and H2O exchange over a northern mixed forest as observed from a very tall towerGlobal Change Biology. 9:9, 1278-1293. |
| P. S. Curtis; P. J. Hanson; P. Bolstad; C. Barford; J. C. Randolph; H. P. Schmid; K. B. Wilson. 2002. Biometric and eddy-covariance based estimates of annual carbon storage in five eastern North American deciduous forestsAgricultural and Forest Meteorology. 113:1-4, 3-19. |
| B. E. Potter; R. M. Teclaw; J. C. Zasada. 2001. The impact of forest structure on near-ground temperatures during two years of contrasting temperature extremesAgricultural and Forest Meteorology. 106:4, 331-336. |